Programmed death ligand-1 is associated with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and poorer survival in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder

Abstract

Drugs blocking programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have shown unprecedented activity in metastatic and unresectable bladder cancer. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression, clinical significance and association of PD-L1 with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in resectable urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). In this retrospective study, 248 UCB patients who received radical cystectomy or transurethral resection were examined. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate PD-L1 expression and stromal CD8+ TIL, Th1 orientation T cell (T-bet+) and PD-1+ TIL densities within the intratumoral regions and associated stromal regions. Of the 248 specimens, 23% showed PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and 55% in tumor-infiltrating immune cells. CD8+ TIL, T-bet+ TIL and PD-1+ TIL were distributed throughout the tumor tissues and were more frequently distributed in stromal regions than in intratumoral regions. PD-L1+ tumor cells and PD-L1+ immune cells were positively associated with aggressive clinical features (all P