Is Omega-3 Supplementation Changes the Body Weight, Fat Mass, and Fat-Free Mass? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Rcts

Abstract

1. Abstract 1.1. Background: Current evidence showed omega-3s reduced the weight, although some studies demonstrate weight gain, so this meta-analysis estimates the effect of omega-3s in the weight changes. 1.2. Methods: Online databases including Cochrane, Med-line, Embase, and Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to 30 July 2020, and it registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017064110). Our search resulted in 377 articles; we analyzed 11 studies. RCTs assessing the effects of omega-3 supplements on body composition and collected data on weight changes , FM, and FFM, included in the study. This meta-analysis was performed using means and SD were calculated in random-effects models based on the results of the Q-test. A sensitivity analysis evaluated the stability of the results, and publication bias was assessed by funnel and Egger's plots. 1.3. Results: The total sample size in the studies was 314 participants ; the duration was 6 to 24-weeks, and age was between 10 to 75y. 10 studies (13 comparison groups) investigated. Weight losses by 0.19 kg (95%CI=-0.53 to 0.14, p<0.001); FM reduces by 0.18 kg (95%CI=-0.42 to 0.05, p<0.001); but FFM increased by 0.27 (95%CI=0.06 to 0.48, p<0.001). For heterogeneity, the criterion of significance was I2> 75%. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Subgrouping suggested differences between the duration, dose, age, and sex of participants for weight loss or other outcomes. 1.4. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that omega-3 reduced weight simultaneously with FM. The effects of omega-3s on changes in FFM are contradictory. Further studies about the duration, dose, and type were recommended.