Comprehensive characterization of gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis in patients with refractory Helicobacter pylori infection

Abstract

Previous research has demonstrated that H. pylori eradication therapies can transiently alter gut microbiota. However, the long-term consequences of repeated antibiotic treatments in refractory infections remain unexplored. In this study, we link failed eradication attempts to persistent gastrointestinal dysbiosis, characterized by increased Pseudomonas and antibiotic-resistant Veillonella , alongside depletion of beneficial bacteria. In addition, we also demonstrate distinct gastric microbiota structure in patients with different antibiotic resistance patterns. Our findings showed distinct microbial dysbiosis after repeated eradication attempts, highlighting the need to explore microbiota-modulating approaches in future clinical trials.