Development and validation of peer relationship scale for chinese community-dwelling elderly

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test the peer relationship scales (PRSs) for the Chinese community-dwelling elderly. Methods: Based on the Adams–Blieszner–Ueno integrative conceptual framework, we first drafted item-pool from the literature review, in-depth interviews, and group discussion. After a cross-sectional study in Chongqing, PR, China, we recruited a random sample of 404 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 65 years. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to examine the factor struc-ture of the scales. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and split-half reliability were used to assess internal consistency. Moreover, test–retest reliability, concurrent validity, and construct validity were all calculated. Results: The results supported a two-factor (ie, quantity of intimate peer relationship, the quantity of non-intimate peer relationship) model for PRS-Quantity and a 12-item three-factor (ie, cognitive process, affective process, behavioral process) model for PRS-Quality. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.870 for PRS-Quantity and 0.851 for PRS-Quality. Both scales showed good test–retest reliability (r = 0.890 for PRS-Quantity, r = 0.889 for PRS-Quality), concurrent validity (r = 0.832 for PRS-Quantity, −0.800 for PRS-Quality), and acceptable construct validity. Discussion: Overall, our findings suggested that the PRSs are reliable and valid measure-ments to evaluate the quantity and quality of peer relationships among Chinese community-dwelling elderly. The scales may serve as attempted tools for researchers and practitioners to access the social health of the elderly and evaluate the effectiveness of related services.