Prevalence of age-associated memory impairment and dementia in a rural community

Abstract

To obtain accurate estimates of the prevalence of age-associated memory impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease, a population study was carried out in Turegano, a rural community of 1011 inhabitants in the Segovia province of Spain. The study was divided into two phases: a door to door survey of the entire population aged 40 years and over (503 persons), followed by a clinical examination of suspected cases for positive and differential diagnosis of dementia and cognitive impairment. The prevalence of age-associated memory impairment was 3*6% in individuals of 40 years and over and 7l1% in individuals of 65 years and over, whereas dementia was found in 2-6% and 5-2%, respectively. The prevalence rates ofboth clinical conditions increased with age. The most prevalent clinical category of dementia was dementia of Alzheimer type, which represented 1-8% and 3-8% of these two age groups. The corresponding figures for vascular dementia were 0 4% and 0.90/o and for secondary dementia 044% and 0*5%. Age-associated memory impairment is an age-dependent disorder with a high prevalence among the elderly; some of these patients may represent an early stage of Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that the prevalence of this disorder may be higher than previously estimated.