Comparison of Depression, Stress, Anxiety, Cognitive Status, and Quality of Life Before and After Renal Transplantation

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease is a prevalent and life-altering condition that significantly impacts quality of life. Kidney transplantation (KT) is an effective treatment for CKD, but it may also trigger psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. This study aims to compare the levels of depression, anxiety, stress, cognitive status, and quality of life in KT recipients before and after surgery. METHODS This descriptive, qualitative comparative study included 100 patients scheduled for renal transplantation at a tertiary care center in Pune, India. Participants were evaluated before and one month after the surgery using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form, Version 1.3 (KDQOL SFv1.3) scales. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and multiple regression analysis were applied to identify predictors of psychological outcomes. RESULTS The study found a significant reduction in depression and cognitive impairment posttransplant. Depression decreased from 19% pretransplant to 13% posttransplant. Anxiety and stress also showed slight reductions, while cognitive impairment decreased from 29% to 19%. Additionally, there was a notable improvement in 15 out of the 17 dimensions of quality of life, particularly in physical functioning and social interactions. CONCLUSION KT significantly improves depression, cognitive function, and overall quality of life in CKD patients, though psychological challenges may persist. Ongoing mental health support is crucial for these patients.