Evolución de los sistemas de crianza de cabras Criollas Cubanas en el contexto de la conservación del genotipo

Abstract

The evolution of the traditional rearing systems of Creole goats was assessed during the preservation process of this breed in the community “26 de Julio”. This community is located in the sub-basin “Cautillo-Jiguaní” of Cauto Valley, Jiguaní municipality, Granma province, Cuba. For studying the systems, 13 cases and 18 variables related with size, management, production and efficiency were considered. Three assessment moments were defined: a) beginning of the preservation process, reference state – yr 2002 and 2003 –, b) period of institutional accompaniment, – yr, 2005 and 2006 – and c) self-management period, –yr 2008 and 2009 –. The multivariate statistical model for impact measuring (MEMI)(1) was used. The impact of the preservation process of Creole goat comprised three dimensions: tenure and commercialization, productive efficiency and self-subsistence, which explained the 82 % of the total variance. According to the impact indexes in these three dimensions, the typology of studied systems showed difference tendencies on their evolution, with higher growth capacity by farm systems compared with those of backyards and plots. However, both typologies developed collapse and renewal growth processes showing capacity for absorbing the changes and preserve their socio-economical rationalities.