Successful Aging and Happiness Level in the Elderly: The Mediating Role of General Self-Efficacy

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to determine the relationship between successful aging and happiness levels in the elderly and to explore the mediating role of general self-efficacy in this relationship. Design: This is a quantitative research study designed using a correlational research model between March and May 2022. Methods: The Mini-Mental State Examination, the Descriptive Information Form, the Successful Aging Scale, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form and the General Self-Efficacy Scale were filled out by 144 elderly individuals living in a nursing home. Results: It was determined that the participants had high levels of successful aging behaviours/attitudes and good levels of happiness. It was determined that general self-efficacy had a ‘partial mediating role’ in the relationship between successful aging and happiness. Conclusion: Due to the ‘partial mediating role’ of general self-efficacy related to happiness and successful aging, increasing self-efficacy may positively impact happiness and successful aging. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Healthcare professionals should prioritise practices and training that support the self-efficacy of the elderly for their successful ageing and happiness. Within this scope, interventions can be made to increase the elderly's participation in self-care, active engagement and intrinsic motivation. Impact: This study determined whether general self-efficacy has an effect on successful aging and happiness in the elderly. It was determined that general self-efficacy has a ‘partial mediating role’ in the relationship between successful aging and happiness. The general self-efficacy of elderly individuals is an important issue to focus on. Successful aging includes functional ability, independence and quality of life aimed at maintaining health and well-being in old age. Self-efficacy, which is thought to have an effect on successful aging, is an important determinant in initiating and maintaining behaviours that improve the health of the elderly. Reporting Method: This study was reported adhering to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. Patient or Public Contribution: The elderly individuals residing in a nursing home were included in the study. All participants were selected from a single nursing home. This nursing home accommodates both outpatient and bedridden elderly individuals. One section is reserved for individuals diagnosed with dementia.