Approach to sexuality in the care of cancer patients: Barriers and strategies

Abstract

Objective: To identify intervening factors in the approach to sexuality, by patients and professionals, and to describe strategies used in this approach in the care of cancer patients. Methods: Integrative literature review, based on systematic steps, databases and/or electronic libraries: LILACS, PUbMed, MEDLINE, IBECS, ScIELO, UpToDate, BDEnf. Searches were carried out between December 2016 and July 2017. Inclusion criteria: studies with cancer patients aged over 18; published in the last ten years (2007-2017); available in full; written in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. Theses, essays, reviews (systematic, narrative, and integrative), opinion articles and editorials were excluded. Results: Eighteen articles were included, six of which were related to intervening factors, and 12 articles related to strategies adopted to address sexuality. Most articles show ed how difficult it is to address the topic in professional practice, from a communication point of view and also regarding interpersonal relationships between patients and health professionals, reaffirming that the sexual health of patients is often overlooked. Studies that addressed the measures taken to remedy the shortcomings showed different degrees of positivity and that it is necessary to train professionals by means of guidance and counseling strategies. Intervention models can be found in the literature. Conclusion: Sexuality is overlooked in the care of cancer patients. Multidisciplinary care in oncology has to acknowledge this situation and implement, in a joint action, educational and psychosocial support activities so this basic human need is met.