Baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate: A predictor of sudden cardiac death

Abstract

To explore the possibility that the analysis of autonomic reflexes could identify subgroups at high risk of ventricular fibrillation, we studied chronically instrumented mongrel dogs randomly divided into two groups. Twelve dogs served as controls and 17 were studied 3-4 weeks after anterior wall myocardial infarction (MI). After recovery, the dogs were given bolus i.v. injections of phenylephrine, 10 μg/kg, and nitroprusside, 100 μg/kg, to raise or lower systolic arterial pressure 30-50 mm Hg. The RR intervals were plotted against the systolic pressure during the preceding beats, and the slope (baroreflex slope) was determined by least-squares-fit linear regression. On a subsequent day, the left circumflex coronary artery was occluded for 2 minutes, beginning with the last minute of an exercise stress test and continuing for 1 minute after the cessation of exercise (MI group only). The dogs could be divided into two groups based on their response to this test; 11 dogs (65%)) had ventricular fibrillation (susceptible), whereas 6 dogs (35%) did not (resistant). The baroreflex slope (control 20.49 ± 8.59; resistant 10.95 ± 4.68; susceptible 4.60 ± 1.77 msec/mm Hg) and the heart rate response to a 30-mm Hg increase in arterial pressure (control - 56.5 ± 14.8; resistant - 40.0 ± 12.2; susceptible - 12.9 ± 5.0 beats/min) for the susceptible dogs were significantly different from those of the control and resistant dogs. This may indicate that the resistant dogs have a greater capability to activate strong vagal reflexes, which reduce vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation. We conclude that anterior wall MI significantly attenuates the baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate and that analysis of the heart rate response to arterial pressure increases allows identification of subgroups of dogs at higher risk for ventricular fibrillation. A prospective study in patients with MI is warranted.