Fatores associados à hipotermia durante o transporte intra-hospitalar em pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

Abstract

Objective: To determine frequency and factors associated with hypothermia during intra-hospital transports of patients assisted in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: Cross-sectional study nested in a prospective cohort of infants submitted to intra-hospital transports performed by a trained team from January 1997 to December 2008 at a NICU of a public university hospital. Transports of patients aged more than one year and/or with weight higher than 10kg were excluded. Factors associated with hypothermia during intra-hospital transports were studied by logistic regression analysis.Results: Among the 1,197 transports performed during the studied period, 1,191 (99.5%) met the inclusion criteria. The 640 transported infants had mean gestational age of 35.0±3.8 weeks and birth weight of 2341±888g. They presented the following underline diseases: single or multiple malformations (71.0%), infections (7.7%), peri/intraventricular hemorrhage (5.5%), respiratory distress (4.0%) and others (11.1%). Patients were transported for surgical procedures (22.6%), magnetic resonance (10.6%), tomography imaging (20.9%), contrasted exams (18.2%), and others (27.7%). Hypothermia occurred in 182 (15.3%) transports and was associated with (OR; 95%CI): weight at transport <1000g (3.7; 1.4-9.9), weight at transport 1000-2500g (1.5; 1.0-2.2), pre-transport axillary temperature <36.5°C (2.0; 1.4-2.9), central nervous system malformation (2.8; 1.8-4.4); use of supplemental oxygen (1.6; 1.0-2.5); mechanical ventilation prior to transport (2.5; 1.5-4.0); transport for surgeries (1.7; 1.0-2.7) and the years 2001, 2003 and 2006 (protection factors). Conclusions: Intra-hospital transports presented increased risk for hypothermia, showing that this kind of transport should be done by skilled teams with adequate equipment.