Delirium: Identification and Management in Seriously Ill Hospitalized Patients

Abstract

Delirium is a common complication in palliative care and hospitalized patients that is characterized by acute onset and fluctuation of cognition and perception disturbances. It is frequently unrecognized by family and health-care professionals as many of the clinical signs and symptoms can be associated with others disorders. Multiple assessment tools are available for the rapid screening of cognitive dysfunction and/or delirium. The Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) is a delirium tool that is diagnostic but also a severity measure. Reversible causes should be investigated but the etiology is usually multifactorial. The treatment consists of treating any reversible causes, decreasing disorientation, and using antipsychotics for symptom control. Education to staff and caregivers is key in the management of delirium.