Physical and Biochemical Properties of Apple Orchard Soils of Different Productivities

Abstract

Physical and biochemical properties of apple orchard soils of different productivities (orchard A: 30 t∙ha−1; orchard B: 20 t∙ha−1) were analyzed. Most of the physical properties were similar in both orchards. In orchard A, the horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity at 10-cm depth was 16.42 cm∙day−1, and was about four times higher than that in orchard B (4.41 cm∙day−1). Total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were about two times higher in orchard B soil, whereas total potassium, bacterial biomass, nitrification, and phosphorus mineralization activities were similar in both orchards. Excess nutrients accumulated on the top 15 cm layer of orchard B soil because the topographical and physical conditions were associated with reduced apple productivity. Appropriate management of fallen leaves and reduction of chemical fertilizer seem necessary for a high level of apple productivity.