Parabolic single-crystal diamond lenses for coherent x-ray imaging

Abstract

We demonstrate parabolic single-crystal diamond compound refractive lenses designed for coherent x-ray imaging resilient to extreme thermal and radiation loading expected from next generation light sources. To ensure the preservation of coherence and resilience, the lenses are manufactured from the highest-quality single-crystalline synthetic diamond material grown by a high-pressure high-temperature technique. Picosecond laser milling is applied to machine lenses to parabolic shapes with a ≃ 1 μ m precision and surface roughness. A compound refractive lens comprised of six lenses with a radius of curvature R = 200 μ m at the vertex of the parabola and a geometrical aperture A = 900 μ m focuses 10keV x-ray photons from an undulator source at the Advanced Photon Source facility to a focal spot size of ≃ 20 × 90 μ m 2 with a gain factor of ≃ 50 - 100.