Associations between urinary phytoestrogen mixed metabolites and osteoarthritis risk

Abstract

Background This study aims to explore the relationship between urinary phytoestrogen mixed metabolites and the risk of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression analysis was conducted to determine the dominant metabolites. Additionally, a Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was utilized to explore the combined effects of phytoestrogen mixed metabolites on OA. Results Compared to the lowest quartile group, the highest quartile group of Enterodiol showed a 46% increased risk of OA (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.09–1.96), while the highest quartile group of Enterlactone showed a 30% decreased risk of OA (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52–0.96). The WQS regression model analysis revealed a positive relationship between urinary phytoestrogen mixed metabolites and OA risk, with Enterodiol found to have the highest weight in this association. The BKMR model indicated that the association between urinary phytoestrogens and OA increased with concentration but did not reach statistical significance. The univariate exposure-response function demonstrated a positive association between Enterodiol and OA. Conclusions There is a positive relationship between urinary phytoestrogen mixed metabolites and OA, with Enterodiol being an important factor influencing OA risk.