The relationships between attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD) and problematic drug use (PDU)

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature examining the relationships between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD) and problematic drug use (PDU). The review considers the main debates around the structure and aetiology of ADHD and the main theoretical frameworks offered to explain the relationships between ADHD, CD and PDU. ADHD is one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders of childhood and one of the most researched. However, many people who meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD also meet the criteria for other disorders such as CD. Most studies suggest that it is CD, not ADHD, that is the most relevant factor in predicting the development of PDU. However, some evidence suggests that those with coexisting ADHD and CD may be at the highest risk. The paper concludes that ADHD is less important than CD in predicting PDU.