Techniques based on the polymorphism of microsatellite DNA as tools for conservation of endangered populations

Abstract

The reduction of the size and range of populations, and the destruction of their breeding sites has led to situations in which the existence of a population depends on breeding performed by humans in controlled conditions. Such conservation and restoration work should be based on maintaining the ability of protected populations to adapt to environmental conditions. This ability is determined by genetic variation within populations as well as individual genetic characteristics specific to a given population. Managing and preserving the genetic variation of a conserved population is one of most important factors that determine the success of a conservation program. This paper reviews a method based on DNA microsatellite polymorphism and its associated techniques for detection, management and conservation of genetic variation. It covers the use of this method in detecting and monitoring changes in intrapopulation genetic variability. It also covers the usefulness of this technique in assembling breeding pairs based on their genetic profiles, evaluating genetic differences between populations, optimizing and managing genetic variation resources deposited in banks of cryopreserved gametes, and evaluating the effectiveness of programs for conservation and restoration of species. Finally, suggestions for further development of the method are included.