Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in army personnel and adult civilians in Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate serologic immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in army personnel and a sample population of adult civilians in Mashhad, Iran. Army personnel (n = 180) and civilians (n = 83) who presented at Mashhad army hospital participated in this study. Diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Approximately 77% and 94% of army personnel aged 18–34 years had at least basic protection against diphtheria (antitoxin level ≥0.1 IU/mL) and tetanus (antitoxin level ˃0.1 IU/mL), respectively. For civilians in this age group, the proportions were 76z for both diseases. Antitoxin levels waned with age. Thus, participants older than 50 years had lower immunity; this decrease in immunity was more pronounced for tetanus than for diphtheria in both army personnel and civilians. For both diseases, geometric mean antitoxin titers and the proportion of participants with at least basic protection were higher in subjects with a history of vaccination in the last 10 years (P ˂ 0.001), higher in men than women, and in army personnel than civilians in each age group. Young army personnel and civilians (18–34 years old) had adequate immunity to diphtheria and tetanus. However, the large number of susceptible older adults (˃50 years old) calls for improved booster vaccination protocols.