Endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats is not reversed by dietary probucol or simvastatin supplementation

Abstract

Oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia are key features of diabetes mellitus and may be involved in mediating the vascular endothelial dysfunction associated with this disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dietary lipid-lowering and antioxidant agents on vascular endothelial function and oxidative stress. Diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats (i.v. streptozotocin, 45 mg/kg) were fed for 4 weeks on a standard diet or on a diet supplemented with either the lipid-lowering antioxidant probucol (1% w/w in diet) or the 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor simvastatin (0.01% w/w in diet). Responses to noradrenaline, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside were assessed in small mesenteric arteries (mean internal diameter 300 ± 5 μm, n = 80) mounted on a small vessel myograph. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly raised in standard-fed diabetic rats and significantly reduced in probucol and simvastatin-fed diabetic rats 8-epi-prostaglandin (PG)F(2α), an indicator of oxidative stress, was raised in liver and aorta from diabetic rats compared to controls. Probucol supplementation reduced 8- epi-PGF2α in aorta and liver of diabetic rats but increased 8-epi-PGF2α content in plasma and aorta from control animals. The abnormal relaxation to acetylcholine in arteries from the diabetic rats (pEC50 diabetic 6.763 ± 0.172 vs control 7.541 ± 0.175;p < 0.05) was not improved by probucol or simvastatin. These data, therefore, do not support a role for oxidative stress or dyslipidaemia in mediating the impaired ACh-induced endothelium- dependent relaxation of small mesenteric arteries from the streptozotocin- diabetic rat.