IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR PENYEBAB PENYAKIT PASCAPANEN PADA BIJI JAGUNG DAN KACANG TANAH DI WAKTU PENYIMPANAN

Abstract

Pathogens that cause plant diseases do not only attack when it was in the field until harvesting, these attacks continue until the agricultural product was stored and consumed. The agricultural products could be stored for a long period after harvesting. During storage, there were several constraints were found in the form of decreased quality due to postharvest disease which it was caused by several pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Fungi were a group of pathogens that were often found as a cause of postharvest disease in agricultural commodities. The method used in this study was a blotter, then it would be continued by isolation and purification and also identification of the pathogen under a microscope. The results of the identification of fungi that cause postharvest diseases in corn and peanut seeds were found in four pathogenic fungi, namely Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp, and Fusarium sp.Patogen penyebab penyakit tanaman tidak hanya menyerang saat di lapangan hingga panen saja, serangan tersebut tetap berlanjut hingga produk pertanian tersebut disimpan dan dikonsumsi. Produk pertanian dapat disimpan untuk jangka waktu yang lama setelah panen. Saat penyimpanan, ditemukan adanya beberapa kendala berupa penurunan kualitas akibat adanya serangan penyakit pascapanen yang disebabkan oleh beberapa patogen seperti jamur, bakteri, dan virus. Jamur merupakan kelompok patogen yang sering ditemukan sebagai penyebab penyakit pascapanen komoditas pertanian. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa blotter, setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan isolasi dan pemurnian serta identifikasi patogen di bawah mikroskop. Hasil identifikasi jamur penyebab penyakit pascapanen pada biji jagung dan kacang tanah didapatkan empat jamur patogen yaitu Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp, Fusarium sp.