Application of Distributed Ledger Platforms in Smart Water Systems—A Literature Review

Abstract

The application of distributed ledger technologies, including blockchain, is rapidly growing in governance, transport, supply chain, and logistics. Today, blockchain technology is promoted as the heart of Smart Cities. This study reviews the potential of blockchain application in water management systems. We surveyed the literature and organized the previous studies based on three main application topics: Smart Water Systems, Water Quality Monitoring, and Storm Water Management. Also, we addressed technical, organizational, social, and institutional challenges that may hinder the adoption of Blockchain technology. Water management systems need to have a long-term commitment plan, update their organizational policies, and acquire relevant knowledge and expertise before successfully adopting any distributed ledger technology.