Specific targeting and noninvasive imaging of breast cancer stem cells using single-walled carbon nanotubes as novel multimodality nanoprobes

Abstract

Background: The limitation of current breast cancer treatments was elucidated by the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that play essential role in cancer initiation, progression, resistance, recurrence and metastasis. Materials and methods: Biocompatible multimodality single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) nanoprobes were developed. The biodistribution and preferential homing of CD44 antibody-conjugated SWCNTs toward the tumor site were monitored using MRI, single-photon emission computed tomography and near-infrared fluorescence imaging noninvasive imaging modalities. Results: Quantification of SWCNTs by sensitively measuring iron content in sorted CSC populations using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry confirmed the enhanced selective targeting of anti-CD44 SWCNT and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed enhanced colocalization with areas rich in CD44 receptors. Discussion and conclusion: This preclinical study provided encouraging results for efficient targeting of breast CSCs and perspectives for further clinical studies to confirm the efficacy and safety of the designed nanocarriers.