Association between total phenol and flavonoid contents in Artocarpus Heterophyllus (jackfruit) bark and leaf extracts and lipoxygenase inhibition

Abstract

Objective: Inflammation is a localized reaction in the tissue in response to injury wherein mediators such as leukotrienes are produced as protective response leukotrienes are synthesized during the metabolism of arachidonic acid by lipoxygenase and they increase capillary permeability and leukocyte adhesion. Artocarpus heterophyllus is used in many medicines due to its natural anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to use the bark and leaf extracts of A. heterophyllus to obtain the most active fraction that could inhibit lipoxygenase and to investigate the total phenol and flavonoid levels in these extracts. Methods: Barks and leaves were extracted by a multistage reflux method. An in vitro lipoxygenase inhibition assay was performed by measuring the total phenol and flavonoid contents for each fraction. Results: Ethanol extract was found to be the most active extract in each fraction. IC50 values obtained in the two most active fractions were 31.82 Hg/mL in the ethyl acetate of bark extract and 46.61 ng/mL in the ethyl acetate of leaf extract. This value was higher than that of apigenin standard which has an IC50 value of 2.08 ng/mL. The highest phenol content was present in the ethanol leaf extract with 404.903 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract. Meanwhile, the highest flavonoid content was found in the ethyl acetate of bark extract with 372.362 mg QE/g extract. Conclusion: The bark and leaf extract tests showed that the increase in the total phenol or flavonoid content was proportional to the increase in the enzyme inhibitory activity.