Dyp-type peroxidases: Recent advances and perspectives

Abstract

In this review, we chart the major milestones in the research progress on the DyP-type peroxidase family over the past decade. Though mainly distributed among bacteria and fungi, this family actually exhibits more widespread diversity. Advanced tertiary structural analyses have revealed common and different features among members of this family. Notably, the catalytic cycle for the peroxidase activity of DyP-type peroxidases appears to be different from that of other ubiquitous heme peroxidases. DyP-type peroxidases have also been reported to possess activities in addition to peroxidase function, including hydrolase or oxidase activity. They also show various cellular distributions, functioning not only inside cells but also outside of cells. Some are also cargo proteins of encapsulin. Unique, noteworthy functions include a key role in life-cycle switching in Streptomyces and the operation of an iron transport system in Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. We also present several probable physiological roles of DyP-type peroxidases that reflect the widespread distribution and function of these enzymes. Lignin degradation is the most common function attributed to DyP-type peroxidases, but their activity is not high compared with that of standard lignin-degrading enzymes. From an environmental standpoint, degradation of natural antifungal anthraquinone compounds is a specific focus of DyP-type peroxidase research. Considered in its totality, the DyP-type peroxidase family offers a rich source of diverse and attractive materials for research scientists.