Retinal pigment epithelium cell density in relationship to axial length in human eyes

Abstract

Purpose: To assess associations between axial length and density of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in various ocular regions. Methods: The histomorphometric investigation included histological sections of enucleated eyes of Caucasian patients. Using a light microscope, we counted the number of RPE cells on Bruch′s membrane at the ora serrata, in the pre-equatorial region, the equatorial and retro-equatorial region, at the midpoint equator/posterior pole, and at the posterior pole. Results: The study included 65 globes with a mean axial length 25.9 ± 3.5 mm (range: 21.0–34.0 mm). Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell count in the equatorial to retro-equatorial region (p < 0.001; correlation coefficient r2: 0.44), in the pre-equatorial region (p < 0.001; r2: 0.39) and at the midpoint equator/posterior pole (p = 0.03; r2: 0.12) decreased with increasing axial length. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell count at the ora serrata (p = 0.49) and posterior pole (p = 0.44) was not significantly correlated with axial length. As a corollary, mean RPE cell density was higher (p < 0.001) at the posterior pole than at the midpoint equator/posterior pole or at the ora serrata region, where it was higher than in pre-equatorial region (p < 0.001) and in the equatorial to retro-equatorial region (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The decrease in the RPE cell density mainly in the equatorial to retro-equatorial region in association with longer axial length suggests a region of enlargement of Bruch′s membrane in the equatorial to retro-equatorial area in association with axial elongation. The finding may be of interest to elucidate the process of emmetropization/myopization.