Kidney cancer

Abstract

In 2008, an estimated 54,390 Americans were diagnosed with and 13,010 died of kidney cancer in the United States. The rate of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has increased 2% per year for the past 65 years. Smoking and obesity are among the risk factors for RCC development, with tumor grade, local extent of the tumor, presence of regional nodal metastases, and evidence of metastatic disease at presentation the most important prognostic determinants of 5-year survival. These guidelines discuss evaluation, staging, treatment, and management after treatment. Important updates for 2009 include the addition of everolimus as second-line therapy after a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and the change to a category 1 recommendation for bevaciumab and interferon for first-line therapy for clear cell histologies. © Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2009.