Design for Inclusion: A Systematic Review of Technologies and Frameworks for Enhancing the Museum Experience of Blind and Low-Vision Visitors

Abstract

This systematic review explores the field of museum accessibility for blind and low-vision (BLV) visitors, focusing on advanced frameworks and technological innovations designed to enhance inclusive experiences. The analysis of 101 research papers published between 2014 and 2025 offers a comprehensive overview of evolution, current practices, and future opportunities in this rapidly advancing field. The findings reveal significant variation in design and implementation approaches, ranging from minimal stakeholder engagement to deeply iterative, user-centered development processes. While a wide range of technologies and access strategies–e.g., tactile interfaces, mobile applications, the internet of things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) augmented tools–are currently in use, their effectiveness varies greatly depending on the level of stakeholder involvement, methodological rigor, and contextual adaptation. Three critical areas for advancing museum accessibility were identified: (1) structuring and standardization of stakeholder engagement practices; (2) strategic integration of advanced technologies, AI-powered systems, and unified accessibility platforms; and (3) development of standardized, mixed-method evaluation frameworks that iteratively measure usability, learning, and user experience comprehensively. Unlike previous reviews, this review explicitly addresses recent AI advancements and detailed stakeholder engagement practices, bridging the gap between technological innovation and practical implementation. Ultimately, the review underscores that while no universal solution fits all contexts, sustainable progress in museum accessibility requires a shift toward holistic, participatory, and rigorously evaluated development models. These insights lay the foundation for future innovation and serve as a roadmap for researchers, developers, and cultural institutions striving to create more inclusive, meaningful experiences for BLV visitors.