Role of the Berry curvature on BCS-type superconductivity in two-dimensional materials

Abstract

We theoretically investigate how the Berry curvature, which arises in multiband structures when the electrons can be described by an effective single-band Hamiltonian, affects the superconducting properties of two-dimensional electronic systems. Generically, the Berry curvature is coupled to electric fields beyond those created by the periodic crystal potential. A potential source of such electric fields, which vary slowly on the lattice scale, is the mutual interaction between the electrons. We show that the Berry curvature provides additional terms in the Hamiltonian describing interacting electrons within a single band. When these terms are taken into account in the framework of the usual BCS weak-coupling treatment of a generic attractive interaction that allows for the formation of Cooper pairs, the coupling constant is modified. In pure singlet and triplet superconductors, we find that the Berry curvature generally lowers the coupling constant and thus the superconducting gap and the critical temperature as a function of doping. From an experimental point of view, a measured deviation from the expected BCS critical temperature upon doping, e.g., in doped two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides, may unveil the strength of the Berry curvature.