Validation of the PowerRef 3 for Measuring Accommodation: Comparison With the Grand Seiko WAM-5500A Autorefractor

Abstract

Purpose: This validation study examines the PowerRef 3 as a method for measuring accommodation objectively. We assess agreement with refractive measurements obtained simultaneously by the Grand Seiko WAM-5500A autorefractor. Methods: Refractive measurements were recorded simultaneously using the PowerRef 3 and WAM-5500A in 32 noncyclopleged participants aged 15 to 46 years. Accommodative states were recorded for 10 seconds at six accommodative demands (5 diopters [D], 4 D, 3 D, 2.5 D, 2 D, and 0 D) while participants fixated a high-contrast Maltese cross. WAM-5500A measurements were converted to power in the vertical meridian for comparison with PowerRef 3 data. Dioptric difference values were computed, and agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement (LOA) and intraclass correlation coefficient analyses. Results: The mean absolute dioptric differences measured 0.14 D or less across accommodative demands. Analyses showed an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient across the tested demands (0.93). Bland–Altman plots indicated a bias of −0.02 D with 95% LOA of −1.03 D to 0.99 D. The 95% LOA was smallest for the 3 D demand (−0.71 D to 0.64 D), and largest at 5 D demand (−1.51 D to 1.30 D). Conclusions: The mean dioptric differences between the PowerRef 3 and WAM-5500A autorefractor were small and not clinically significant. While some variability in agreement was observed depending on the tested demand, the PowerRef 3 demonstrated good agreement with the WAM-5500A. Translational Relevance: The PowerRef 3 may be used to obtain objective measures of accommodation both monocularly and binocularly and provides a more flexible method, especially in pediatric populations.