Charge states distributions of lead ions in Al and Cu

Abstract

This paper presents the theoretical calculations of the charge-state distributions of relativistic lead ions penetrating through different solid targets, namely, aluminum and copper. Using GLOBAL program, the charge state distributions were calculated. GLOBAL is a program developed at GSI in Darmstadt which calculates various physical quantities characterizing the slowing down of protons and heavy ions in matter for specific kinetic energies ranging from 1 keV/u to 450 GeV/u. The energies used for the calculations of the charge-state distributions are 100, 110, and 170 MeV/u. It was found that the aluminum foil of 15 mg/cm2 thickness is the best stripper can be used to produce the H-like lead (+81), He-like lead (+80) and Li-like lead (+79) ions which have been selected out 72%, 16% and 11%, respectively, of the emerging beam.