Development and Prospect of Electrode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries, with the advantages of low cost and abundant resources, have become an effective complement to lithium-ion batteries in application scenarios such as large-scale energy storage systems and short-distance electric vehicles. Nevertheless, sodium-ion batteries generally lag behind lithium-ion batteries in energy density. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of current research results on anode and cathode materials and to provide insights into the challenges faced by various materials, such as the deficiencies of hard carbon materials for the anode in terms of sodium storage capacity and stability at the solid electrolyte interface (SEI), and the poor air stability and susceptibility to phase transitions of layered oxides for the cathode. Further, the report proposes several innovative solutions with the goal of developing better sodium ion electrode materials. These strategies include, but are not limited to: improving the microstructure of hard carbon through nano-engineering techniques to enhance its sodium storage capacity; and employing surface coating or doping methods to improve the air stability of cathode materials. Through these research endeavors, this paper expect to provide a solid scientific foundation and new perspectives for the advancement and application expansion of sodium-ion battery technology.