Microanatomical and Phytochemical Characterization of Amaranthus tricolor L.

Abstract

Amaranthus tricolor L. is a plant of significant botanical diversity and richness. In recent years, it has emerged as a versatile medicinal plant material, with numerous studies highlighting its considerable pharmacological effects. This study provides a comprehensive micromorphological and phytochemical characterization of A. tricolor. The study uses the Ciuley method, a rigorous and scientific approach that has been improved and modified by the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The results, based on A. tricolor collected in District 8, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, were consistent with descriptions published in previous studies. The herbal powder contained distinctive microscopic constituents such as reticulate vessel elements, scalariform vessel elements, and spherical and cuboidal calcium oxalate crystals. The phytochemical characterization revealed the presence of various chemical groups in A. tricolor, including lipids, carotenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, organic acids, reducing agents, and polyuronic compounds. The macroscopic, microscopic, and chemical characteristics of A. tricolor are crucial for its medicinal use. Macroscopic studies ensure accurate botanical identification, while microscopic analysis reveals internal structures that improve quality control. Chemical characterization identifies active compounds responsible for the documented pharmacological effects. This comprehensive understanding enhances the efficacy, safety, and therapeutic potential of A. tricolor, supporting its optimal use in herbal medicine and paving the way for discovering new therapeutic agents.