Characteristics of den, den tree and sites selected by the Persian squirrel in Zagros forests, western Iran

Abstract

We investigated characteristics of den, den tree and sites selected by the Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) in the Eastern Dena Protected Area (EDPA), Iran, to provide ecological information for the species conservation. Squirrel dens in the EDPA were located on live oak trees at a mean height of about 2.5 m above the ground, mostly on the main tree trunks and faced mainly towards the north. Compared to randomly selected trees, den trees were significantly higher and had greater canopy cover and access routes. The three main site components selected by principal component analysis included crown canopy cover, number of trees in the plot, and distance to the nearest tree. The species tended to select nesting areas with higher protection from predators and greater food availability. Consequently, to conserve Persian squirrels, mature trees, which are believed to have more cavities and to provide increased food access, should be preserved within the species' habitats.