The chemokine receptor 5 Δ32 mutation is associated with increased renal survival in patients with IgA nephropathy

Abstract

Background. Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) plays an important role in the recruitment of monocytes and T cells in inflammation and experimental studies suggest that CCR5 might be involved in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. A mutation in the CCR5 gene (CCR5 Δ32), leading to a nonfunctional receptor, was recently described. We therefore evaluated the potential role of this mutation on renal survival in patients with IgA nephropathy. Methods. The distribution of the CCR5 Δ32 genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in 228 patients with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy. In 190 patients with available demographic and clinical follow-up data, the effect of the mutation on the clinical outcome was analyzed using the Log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazard model. In vitro, the influence of the CCRS Δ32 genotype on the chemotactic response of monocytes was assessed. Results. Of the 190 patients, 158 (83.2%) had a CCR5 wildtype genotype, 29 (15.3%) were heterozygous, and three patients had a homozygous CCR5 Δ32 genotype (1.6%). Renal survival was significantly longer in patients with the CCR5 Δ32 genotype than in the wild-type group (Log-rank P < 0.001). Using the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, the CCR5 Δ32 genotype was identified as an independent factor associated with a lower risk to develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [hazard ratio (HR) 0.23, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.57, P = 0.002]. In vitro analysis of monocytes from CCR5 Δ32 carriers showed a reduced chemotactic response to CCR5 ligands in vitro. Conclusion. Our study demonstrates an independent role of the CCR5 Δ32 genotype for the clinical outcome in IgA nephropathy. In vitro experiments revealed a reduced chemotactic response of monocytes from CCR5 Δ32 carriers, thus pointing out a possible pathophysiologic explanation for the beneficial effect of the CCR5 Δ32 genotype.