Amperometric determination of nicotine using a composite of palladium hexacyanoferrate incorporated graphene oxide modified electrode

Abstract

Herein, we report a highly sensitive amperometric nicotine (NIC) sensor using composite of palladium hexacyanoferrate (PdHCF) with graphene oxide (GO) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The PdHCF particles were deposited on GO modified GCE using an electrochemical method. The electrocatalytic measurements and surface morphology of the as prepared composite modified electrode were studied using cyclic voltammetry, amperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The PdHCF incorporated GO composite modified electrode exhibits a prominent electrocatalytic activity towards the NIC than that of other modified electrodes. Furthermore, the presence of GO with PdHCF has greatly enhanced the surface coverage concentration and electron transfer rate constant when compared to only PdHCF and GO. The composite modified electrode shows the linear range from 8 to 240 μM for NIC with the analytical sensitivity of 1.208 μA μM-1cm-2.