Discovery of new functions of food proteins and their structural development for multifunctional applications

Abstract

Proteins and peptides derived from various food sources are used in a variety of applications, including functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The three-dimensional structure of proteins provides useful insights into their functions and essential information for the creation of proteins with new functions. In this review, a series of functional conversion technologies based on protein structural information derived from foods traditionally consumed in Japan, such as natto (fermented soybeans) and rice, are introduced. For natto, we first identified 2 types of Bacillus subtilis-derived endolytic and exolytic enzymes with different modes of action on soybean cell wall polysaccharides and then focused on the technology used to create an endolytic enzyme from an exolytic enzyme. By applying this technology, a method for creating novel bioactive peptides from rice seed proteins was established. The modified peptides created could provide diverse options for the production of substances such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetic materials.