Naphthalene mineralization coupled to sulfate reduction in aquifer-derived enrichments

Abstract

Naphthalene was microbially transformed in sulfate-reducing laboratory microcosms established under strictly anaerobic conditions using sediment from two sulfate-rich, coal tar-contaminated aquifers and enriched over a 3-year period. As much as 66% of [C-14]naphthalene was mineralized to CO2 over 13 days. Addition of sodium molybdate inhibited sulfidogenesis and resulted in a 44% reduction in total [C-14]naphthalene mineralized. Methane was never detected in active naphthalene-degrading microcosms, and formation of sulfide during naphthalene degradation was confirmed using a (SO42-)-S-35 radiotracer technique. GC/MS analyses of stabilized naphthalene-degrading consortia indicated the formation of naphthalenol as a potential metabolic intermediate. These results demonstrate that naphthalene oxidation may be coupled to sulfate reduction in aquifer-derived sediments.