Intronic TP53 polymorphisms are associated with increased ∆133TP53 transcript, immune infiltration and cancer risk

Abstract

We investigated the influence of selected TP53 SNPs in exon 4 and intron 4 on cancer risk, clinicopathological features and expression of TP53 isoforms. The intron 4 SNPs were significantly over-represented in cohorts of mixed cancers compared to three ethnically matched controls, suggesting they confer increased cancer risk. Further analysis showed that heterozygosity at rs1042522(GC) and either of the two intronic SNPs rs9895829(TC) and rs2909430(AG) confer a 2.34–5.35-fold greater risk of developing cancer. These SNP combinations were found to be associated with shorter patient survival for glioblastoma and prostate cancer. Additionally, these SNPs were associated with tumor-promoting inflammation as evidenced by high levels of infiltrating immune cells and expression of the ∆133TP53 and TP53β transcripts. We propose that these SNP combinations allow increased expression of the ∆133p53 isoforms to promote the recruitment of immune cells that create an immunosuppressive environment leading to cancer progression.