Annotating Predicate-Argument Relations and Anaphoric Relations: Findings from the Building of the NAIST Text Corpus

Abstract

This paper addresses how to annotate predicate-argument and anaphoric relations in Japanese written text. Predicate-argument structure analysis and anaphora resolu-tion are important problems because they bridge the gap between basic techniques in NLP such as morpho-syntactic analysis and NLP applications. To solve these prob-lems, researchers have generally made use of annotated corpora for machine learning-based approaches. Although we need large corpora where predicate-argument rela-tions and anaphoric relations are annotated to examine their occurrence in Japanese text, there have been no such resources so far. In addition, existing specifications for annotating predicate-argument and anaphoric relations are not directly applicable due to the difference of languages and different problem settings. For these reasons, we explore how to annotate these two kinds of relations and then define an adequate specification of each annotation task. In this article, we report the results of anno-tation, taking the Kyoto Corpus 3.0 as a starting point. Furthermore, we refine our annotating specification to adapt actual phenomena existing in our corpus and then report the results of the annotation work according to the new specification.