Post Nitrogen Electrocatalysis Era From Li–N2 Batteries to Zn–N2 Batteries

Abstract

Metal–N2 batteries attract considerable research attention due to the dual-functional characteristics applied in energy storage and conversion, as well as electrochemical artificial NH3 yield. Nonetheless, it has been found that not all kinds of metal–N2 batteries are suitable for combining the above two applications. Herein, recent advances in metal–N2 batteries are summarized. First, the electrochemical reaction mechanisms for all types of metal–N2 batteries, including organic Li/Na/Al–N2 batteries and aqueous Zn/Al–N2 batteries are discussed, and then, a critical assessment of current challenges and future applications is provided. Considering the different electrochemical reaction mechanism in the metal–N2 batteries, the electrocatalytic performance for the reported catalyst cathodes is summarized and compared. Then, a multi-dimensional feasibility and strategy analysis for the developments of rechargeable aqueous Zn–N2 batteries is provided, including the three dimensions of cathode catalyst, electrolyte, and metal anodes. Last, specific suggestions and ideas for the further developments of the rechargeable aqueous Zn–N2 batteries are put forward, with the hope of inspiring the further developments for the green, sustainable, and high-energy-density metal–N2 systems in the future.