Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme Annual Report, 2022

Abstract

In Australia, both probable and laboratory-confirmed cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) are reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). Compared to 2021, the number of IMD notifications in 2022 increased by 81% to 127, alongside the easing of COVID-19 containment measures. Laboratory confirmation occurred in 95% of these cases, with 51% (62/121) diagnosed by bacterial culture and 49% (59/121) by nucleic acid amplification testing. The serogroup was determined for 97% of laboratory-confirmed cases (117/121): serogroup B (MenB) accounted for 83% of infections (100/121); MenW for 4% (5/121); MenY for 10% (12/121); no infections were attributed to MenC disease. Fine typing was available on 67% of the cases for which the serogroup was determined (78/117). In MenB isolates, 27 porA types were detected, the most prevalent of which were P1.7-2,4 (18%;11/62), P1.22,14 (15%; 9/62), P1.18-1,34 (10%; 6/62) and P1.7,16-26 (10%; 6/62). All five MenW infections identified as porA type P1.5,2 with different MLST sequence types (ST): 11, 574, 1287, 12351, 13135 all belonging to clonal complex 11, the hypervirulent strain reported in outbreaks in Australia and overseas. In MenY, the predominant porA type was P1.5-1,10-1 (73%; 8/11), ST 1655 and from clonal complex 23. Children less than 5 years of age and people aged 15-19 years were overrepresented with IMD notifications, accounting for 22% (27/121) and 23% (28/121) of laboratory-confirmed cases respectively. Fifteen percent of laboratory-confirmed notifications (18/121) were in persons aged 45-64 years. MenB infections were detected in all age groups but predominated in persons aged 15-19 years (93% of IMD in this age group; 26/28) and comprised 89% (24/27) of infections in children aged less than 5 years. MenW infections were markedly reduced in 2022, accounting for two IMD detections in children 1-4 years (2/16) and sporadic detections in other older age groups. MenY infections were largely detected in adults aged 45-64 years, accounting for 28% of IMD in this age group (5/18). All 62 cultured IMD isolates had antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were categorised using Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) interpretative criteria: 5% (3/62) were defined as penicillin resistant (MIC value ≥ 0.5 mg/L); 71% (44/62) had intermediate susceptibility to penicillin (MIC values 0.125 and 0.25 mg/L) and 24% (15/62) were susceptible to penicillin. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin.