Risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis and countermeasures: A literature review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is still the primary infectious disease in the world due to HIV/AIDS. In the 2015– 2019 strategic plan of the Ministry of Health, infectious diseases are one of the main priorities that must create a Healthy Indonesia. The prevalence rate of pulmonary TB cases in Indonesia is 539,000 new cases each year, with the number of deaths around 101,000/year. Acid-fast bacilli (+) incidence rate is around 110/100,000 population. AIM: This study aimed to identify the influencing factors and efforts to overcome pulmonary TB disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research method was carried out by tracing the research reports/articles related to pulmonary TB incidence as many as 38 selected articles. RESULT: Factors that influence TB infection incidence include age, income level (socioeconomic), housing conditions, the behavior of opening windows every morning, smoking, and a history of contact with TB patients. There are various countermeasures undertaken to overcome pulmonary TB, one of which uses a tissue model. This model involves many stakeholders whose duty is to provide knowledge and record the number of sufferers. The stages of action to control TB include discovery, treatment, and surveillance. CONCLUSION: Facts in the field show that several factors can affect the success of implementing pulmonary TB control. Therefore, it is necessary to participate in all society components and involve other agencies beyond the health agency so the reduction in the incidence of pulmonary TB can be appropriately realized.