A review of the development of maternity leave policy in China over the past 70 years

Abstract

This study analyzes the changes in maternity leave policy in China during the past 70 years by reviewing the documents issued since 1949. During these years, the length of maternity leave increased from 56 days initially to 98 days, and finally to as much as 128 to 365 days. The sums paid to women taking maternity leave gradually increased and an insurance mechanism was introduced. There were changes in the intent and focus of policies: (1) A change in the intention of maternity leave policy from protecting the rights and interests of women only to protecting those of both women and children. (2) A change in focus from one of implementing national family planning policy to one of protecting the rights of individuals. (3) A change in the focus point of policies from the home only to the workplace and the home. (4) An increased focus on gender equity evidenced by gradual introduction of paternity leave policy. Although maternity leave policy has improved over the years, challenges still exist including significant differences in the policy environment at the provincial level, and difficulties in implementing policy in some regions and enterprises.