Higher consumption of red and processed meat is associated with adverse cardiovascular magnetic resonance morpho-functional phenotypes: A study of 19,408 UK Biobank participants

Abstract

Background: Multiple epidemiological studies link greater red and processed meat consumption with poorer cardiovascular outcomes. However , the impact of these exposures on directly measured cardiovascular phenotypes has not been examined in large cohorts. Limited existing studies suggest that the observed associations may be mediated by cardiometabolic diseases and/or novel mechanisms acting via the heart-gut axes. However, few studies systematically examine potential confounding and mediating mechanisms.