Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessment of bioavailability for two prodrugs of methylprednisolone

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to establish whether pharmacokinetic differences between two pro-drugs of methylprednisolone (MP) are likely to be of clinical significance. Methods: This study was a single-blind, randomized, crossover design comparing the bioequivalence of MP released from the pro- drugs Promedrol (MP suleptanate) and Solu-Medrol (MP succinate) after a single 250 mg (MP equivalent) intramuscular injection to 20 healthy male volunteers. Bioequivalence was assessed by conventional pharmacokinetic analysis, by measuring pharmacodynamic responses plus a novel approach using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling. The main measure of pharmacodynamic response was whole blood histamine (WBH), a measure of basophil numbers. Results: The MP C(max) was less for MP suleptanate due to a longer absorption half-life of the prodrug from the intramuscular injection site. The bioavailability of MP was equivalent when based on AUC with a MP suleptanate median 108% of the MP succinate value (90% CI: 102-114%). For C(max) the MP suleptanate median was 81% of the MP succinate value (90% CI: 75-88%). The t(max) for MP from MP suleptanate was delayed relative to MP succinate. The median difference was 200% (90% non-parametric CI: 141-283%). The area under the WBH effect-time curve (AUEC) and the maximum response (E(max)) were found to be equivalent (90% CI: 98-113% and 93-109% respectively). The maximum changes in other white blood cell counts, blood glucose concentration and the parameters of the pharmacodynamic sigmoid Emax model (EC50, E(max) and γ) were also not significantly different between prodrugs. Conclusions: MP suleptanate is an acceptable pharmaceutical alternative to MP succinate. The use of both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response data together gives greater confidence in the conclusions compared with those based only on conventional pharmacokinetic bioequivalence analysis.