Gap enhanced fluorescence as a road map for the detection of very weakly fluorescent emitters from visible to ultraviolet

Abstract

We analyze the enhancement of the rates of both the emission and the far field radiation for dipoles placed in the gap between a metallic nanorod, or nanosphere, and a metallic substrate. For wavelengths between 150 nm and 650 nm, the response of the gapped nanostructures considered in this work is dominated by few principal modes of the nanoparticle, which include self-consistently the effect of the substrate. For wavelengths shorter than 370 nm, the far field radiative enhancements of aluminum nanostructures are significantly higher than those for gold or silver. With aluminum, bright mode resonances are tunable over tens or hundreds of nanometers by changing the size of the nanoparticle and have far field radiative enhancements of up to three orders of magnitude. These results provide a road map to label-free detection of many emitters too weakly fluorescent for present approaches.