Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Apixaban and Warfarin in the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm, and it is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias. It is associated with a five times increase in the risk of stroke. Anti-coagulants are prescribed routinely to prevent strokes, especially in patients with atrial fibrillation for many years decreasing the risk of stroke among patients with atrial fibrillation. Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants especially apixaban and rivaroxaban are frequently used and they are considered to be safe and more effective than warfarin. The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the efficacy and safety of apixaban and warfarin in preventing stroke among patients with non-valvular arterial fibrillation. The current meta-analysis was conducted using the guidelines established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A systematic search was done using databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, with no restrictions on language and year of publication. The current meta-analysis included randomized control trials and non-randomized control trials (prospective and retrospective cohort studies) comparing the efficacy and safety of apixaban and warfarin in preventing stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. The primary efficacy outcome was stroke or systemic embolism while the primary safety outcome was major bleeding events. Overall, nine articles were included in the current meta-analysis with a pooled sample size of 267998 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. The administration of apixaban was associated with a significant decrease in stroke or systemic embolism (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.90) and major bleeding events (RR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.58-0.68) as compared to warfarin. However, no significant difference was reported in all-cause mortality (RR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.30-2.14) between the two groups. The current meta-analysis concluded that apixaban, compared to warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation showed a reduction in stroke and systemic embolism. Apixaban has also a better safety profile in terms of reduction in overall major bleeding events.