Determinan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) pada Balita di Kota Bengkulu saat Kebakaran Hutan

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Kebakaran hutan yang terjadi di Provinsi Bengkulu tahun 2015 menyebabkan adanya pencemaran udara baik di dalam  maupun di luar ruangan. Hal ini juga mengakibatkan meningkatnya kejadian ISPA pada balita. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui determinan  kejadian ISPA pada balita di Kota Bengkulu saat kebakaran hutan tahun 2015. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah case control. Kasus merupakan balita yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Kecamatan dan didiagnosa menderita ISPA dan kontrol adalah dua balita tetangga kasus yang ditemui pertama kali. Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa jenis atap (OR: 2,79; 95% CI: 1,36-5,69), ventilasi (OR: 2,60; 95% CI: 1,39-4,84), kepadatan hunian (OR: 2,14; 95% CI: 1,07-4,28), dan asap bahan bakar memasak (OR: 4,14; 95% CI: 1,56-10,9) memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap ISPA. Kesimpulan: Jadi, ada hubungan antara kondisi fisik rumah, kepadatan hunian dan pajanan asap terhadap kejadian ISPA pada Balita setelah dikontrol oleh variabel kovariat. Determinant of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Under Five Years Old in Bengkulu during Forest Fire Background: Forest fire which was happened in Province Bengkulu in 2015 potentially cause indoor or outdoor air pollution. It can increase Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in children under five years old. This study aimed to find out the dominant determinants of ARI in under five years old in Bengkulu city when forest fire in 2015. Method: The research was done with case control design during March-July 2016. Cases were 116 children under five who visited primary health care and were diagnosed ARI. Controls were 232 children under five who were cases’ neighbors who first met. Analysis was done using logistic regression. Result: It found that a significant association between improper roof (OR=2.68; 95% CI: 1.31-5.45), inadequate ventilation (OR=2.60; 95%CI: 1.38-4.89), living in overcrowded conditions (OR=2.12; 95% CI: 1.06-4.25), indoor air pollution from of combustion from fuel used for cooking (OR=4.88; 95% CI: 1.87-12.79), gender (OR=2.67;  95%CI: 1.45-4.93), nutritional status (OR=2.67; 95%CI: 1.27-5.60), immunization history (OR=3.10; 95%CI: 1.40-6.86), and breastfeeding history (OR=5.12; 95%CI: 2.73-9.57) with ARI.  Conclusion: In conclusion, there are relation of house conditions, overcrowded conditions smoke, and characteristics of children under five years old with ARI in children under five years old in Bengkulu City when forest fire in 2015. Keyword: Acute Respiratory Infection, Children under five, Forest Fire, Risk Factors