ESTADO DE LA VALORIZACIÓN DE BIORRESIDUOS DE ORIGEN RESIDENCIAL EN GRANDES CENTROS URBANOS

Abstract

In the current study a literature review of household biowaste valorization in large urban centers of developing countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as high-income countries worldwide, was performed. From the analysis of scientific and technical literature of official entities of the two evaluated contexts, 70 large urban centers (37 from Latin America and the Caribbean and 33 from high-income countries), from a total of 34 countries, were studied. The results indicated that household biowaste valorization is established in at least 27 large urban centers, three of them in Latin America and the Caribbean and 24 in high-income countries of North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania. In these, the implementation of 14 type-systems was identified. Although there are differences between the evaluated contexts, the most used treatment methods are composting and anaerobic digestion. Other methods used are thermal processing for animal food production and mechanical biological treatment with composting and with anaerobic digestion. It was evidenced that the implemented systems produce compost (mainly used in gardening and agriculture), electric power, heat, vehicular fuel and animal feed. Finally, despite the relevance of the household biowaste stream in Latin America and the Caribbean large urban centers, and the benefits of its recovery, the results of this study showed the predominance of household biowaste landfilling in this context. In consequence, it is recommended to establish the household biowaste as a priority fraction whose valorization should be the primary aim of management systems.