Hyperthermia-a non-chemical control strategy against varroa

Abstract

Worldwide, the ectoparasitic mite varroa (Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman) is potentially the main threatening parasite for Apis mellifera L. To find an alternative therapy for varroa and to limit the chemical residues in bee products, 27 bee colonies with their brood, were treated at 42°C for 12 to 480 minutes. All experimental colonies had 5-8 frames of brood and 10 frames of population (approximately 10.000 bees each colony). During the treatment the final temperature inside the hive varied from 42.3°C to 46.5°C. The effectiveness of hyperthermia to control the varroa population, depends on the duration of the therapy. When the time treatment was extended from 12 to 480 minutes, the falling mites ranged from 29.8% to 79.8%. A small number (4.7%) of dead mites was found in sealed brood after a 60-minute treatment, which gradually increased along with the treatment duration reaching 100% after 480 minutes. The use of the device irritated the bees but did not cause losses of honeybees, or excessive aggravation. Dead larvae inside sealed brood were observed when hyperthermia was applied for more than 120 minutes and increased along with the duration of heating. To our knowledge, in the presence of brood and adult bees, the hyperthermia method is used for the first time as alternative solution to limit the excessive use of chemical substances under field conditions. This method is proved to be most suitable for beekeepers with small amount of colonies.